How did the two World Wars affect Africa and Africans Essay Example for Free

How did the two World Wars influence Africa and Africans Essay There were various ramifications and impacts that were brought about by the World War I and II to African and Africans too. Numerous lives were lost and many were rendered futile. Despite the fact that there are a ton of things that were accomplished during this period, there are others that achieved extraordinary issues to individuals. In 1940, German armed forces were propelled to accept that Africans were in deed their foes and there was a need to address the issue. With taking part in war with France, and France had a few blacks in their military, they were the principle target and they were being slaughtered more than their white partners. German was battling individuals who were beneath the Nazi, or who Nazi accepted they were ruining their associates (Raffael, 596). The impacts of the war brought both the positive and negative impacts to Africans and Africa too. Nazi chain of command had just started to slaughter the individuals who they thought were underneath their Aryan. This was an extraordinary languishing over Africans since they were being murdered hardheartedly. Indeed, even they are among their French partners, there was no African who was caught and detained yet rather they were executed. The other issue was that the Geneva guidelines were not material to Africans. This was on the grounds that, the Nazi standard and hypothesis was that the guidelines were just appropriate to the whites yet not Africans, along these lines raising another impact to the African as they were slaughtered with no word or anybody to protect them. In spite of the fact that there were a portion of the German militaries who were supporting Africans and shielding them, the individuals who were Nazified had not regard to Africans. This helped the African fighters show their valor as they were attempting to protect themselves and as a rule being set in the cutting edge in the fight, they needed to attempt their best and shield their battle. They accepted that African culture accepted that at whatever point an African gets his foe, he would utilize roadster car, which was accepted was a savage weapon contrasted with other short range weapons. They likewise accepted that Africans were at that point on the assault positions and they would not stop for a second assaulting their opponents. They utilized this as a legitimization of executing Africans (Raffael, 600). In Africa, Africans had as of now discovered that there is nothing exceptional with the whites and there is nothing whites can do blacks cannot do. Africans created safe forces and they were currently guarding their territory against occupation by whites. Africans were battling for opportunity and freedom. This was not working out in a good way for whites in Europe as the data they were getting is that Africans are mangling their kin, assaulting their ladies and executing others. This realized the defense of the Germans criminal operations of slaughtering blacks and damaging them ‘This charge turned into an ob-meeting of some German officials and fighters and assisted with advocating the killings of dark warriors and the no-quarters strategy in certain fights with the’ (Raffael, 600). A large portion of the African Countries, however they had just endured a great deal, they had just begun battling whites and they figured out how to get their freedom and have their own legislatures without of the provincial guidelines.

Help With Dissertations

Help With DissertationsWhile studying for a PhD, PhD students will find that there are plenty of programs in the United States that offer help with dissertations. From essay editing to supervision, each dissertation has specific requirements to be met in order to have it approved by the school.There are, however, many programs that will offer help with dissertations. Many of these programs will offer assistance for the dissertations from a written communication. Many can also provide advice and suggestions on how to make the dissertation more satisfying and effective.Dissertation editors and publishers are some of the most experienced people when it comes to editing dissertations. They are skilled at writing up a dissertation that is not only impressive but very persuasive as well.In addition to offering help with dissertations for the dissertation, editors also have the ability to edit different types of dissertations. This includes help with dissertations for PhD candidates who are writing for a graduate course, as well as dissertation revisions that are required for undergraduates.Editing the dissertation should be very detailed and thorough. A number of edits and clarifications are necessary in order to ensure that it is very readable and an accurate reflection of the student's work. This is not something that should be overlooked or neglected.In order to gain the attention of an editor, you will need to make sure that you understand what types of changes will be needed for your dissertation revisions. By knowing this information, it will make it easier for you to obtain the help that you need to have the dissertation edited.Dissertation editors can also help with dissertation research. You will need to create a list of questions that will help your dissertation stand out from others. This list will be used to guide the research that you do, as well as the article that is written to give your dissertation in the final edit.If you are looking for help with d issertation revisions then you should look into getting dissertation editors to help you with your dissertation. These editors can make it easier for you to revise your dissertation and make it appear better. After all, what good is your dissertation in your other classmates are able to get it approved and submitted!

Psychological treatments for depression Essays

Mental medications for gloom Essays Mental medications for gloom Essay Mental medications for gloom Essay Mental medications for Depression This article will examine and think about Becks intellectual conduct treatment for sorrow and the utilization of medication treatment as medicines for melancholy. They vary vigorously in their belief systems concerning what despondency is brought about by. Becks treatment is a subjective and accordingly centers around manners of thinking. The thought being, that individuals with sorrow can change their idea negative procedures to positive ones so as to fix themselves. While medicate medicines center around the organic reasons for despondency, for example, concoction uneven characters and attempts to return these by means of the dministration of medications. Beck Cognitive hypothesis of despondency, which is the belief system behind CBT, has three primary parts. Right off the bat Beck said that discouraged individuals have an unreasonable negative point of view toward their self, beneficial encounters and future hence bringing about gloom. He called this the Cognitive Triad. For instance if somebody somehow happened to encounter losing their Job, they may accuse this for themselves, accepting they are a terrible individual and thusly that their life will never improve in light of the fact that they will never land another Position, thusly causing a discouraged perspective. CBT centers around he persistent distinguishing these negative perspectives and attempt to transform them to positive perceptions. For instance understanding that it wasnt their own shortcoming they lost their employment. The second piece of Becks hypothesis was based around Silent presumptions. These are oblivious suspicions which shape our cognizant discernments. These messages to a great extent get from the manner by which we are addressed and conduct we witness, by those that have an enormous social effect on us; Such as guardians, educators and companions. Instances of quiet suppositions may incorporate l must have others endorsement r l must do everything flawlessly. Beck said that accepting these suppositions, despite the fact that not abnormal, can make an individual defenseless against discouragement and the way to recuperation utilizing CBT is distinguishing these contemplations as unhelpful and understanding that an individual can't generally be great. The third and last piece of becks model said that discouraged individuals are inclined to mutilating occasions throughout their life contrarily. One model is the thing that Beck called Catastrophising. This being the inclination to make a huge deal about a little issue until it turns into a significant misfortune. Again the focal point of CBT is to dentify this negative data handling and make it positive. The fundamental analysis of CBT is that; at its center it accept that negative discernments are what cause sorrow. Organic scholars legitimately repudiate this thought. They state that the mental manifestations of discouragement, for example, negative insights, are brought about by a basic organic deformity for example; a synthetic irregularity in the cerebrum. Natural medication medicines center around revising concoction uneven characters in the cerebrum. Instances of such medications are SSRI type drugs. SSRI represents specific erotonin re-take-up inhibitors. Serotonin is a synapse which researchers have found to emphatically relate with joy. It is accepted that discouraged individuals along these lines are inadequate in serotonin. Generally when serotonin is utilized in the cerebrum it is assimilated again into the mind. SSRls work to repress that re-take-up so as to leave more serotonin dynamic and make a development of the synapse after some time. Anyway the principle analysis of medication medicines as a rule is that they can have side medications dont fundamentally pinpoint the people issue. Intellectual scholars would rgue that tranquilize treatment is basically a counterfeit solace for discouraged individuals; not tending to the main driver of sadness while CBT means to change the individual without the consistent need to ingest medications. Frequently CBT can be utilized close by medicate medicines so as to give the patient the most obvious opportunity with regards to recuperation as neither one of the treatments work for everybody. Anyway the logical inconsistency between these two speculations truly boils down to a nature versus sustain banter. Is sadness a consequence of our organic make-up and the negative mental impacts are side effects of that or the other way around?

Time Value of Money - 5284 Words

12/9/2012 Chapter 9 The Time Value of Money 1 Chapter 9- Learning Objectives ïÆ' ¼ Identify various types of cash flow patterns (streams) that are observed in business. ïÆ' ¼ Compute (a) the future values and (b) the present values of different cash flow streams, and explain the results. ïÆ' ¼ Compute (a) the return (interest rate) on an investment (loan) and (b) how long it takes to reach a financial goal. ïÆ' ¼ Explain the difference between the Annual Percentage Rate (APR) and the Effective Annual Rate (EAR), and explain when each is more appropriate to use. ïÆ' ¼ Describe an amortized loan, and compute (a) amortized loan payments and (b) the balance (amount owed) on an amortized loan at a specific point during its life. Principles of Finance†¦show more content†¦After 3 years: FV3 = PV(1 + r)3 = $700 (1.10)3 = $931.70 After 2 years: FV2 = PV(1 + r)2 = $700 (1.10)2 = $847.00. In general, FVn = PV (1 + r)n Principles of Finance 5e, 9 The Time Value of Money  © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 9 Three Ways to Solve Time Value of Money Problems ïÆ' ¼Use Equations ïÆ' ¼Use Financial Calculator ïÆ' ¼Use Electronic Spreadsheet Principles of Finance 5e, 9 The Time Value of Money  © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 10 5 12/9/2012 Numerical (Equation) Solution FVn = PV(1+ r)n PV = $700, r = 10%, and n =3 FVn = $700(1.10)3 = $700(1.3310) = $931.70 Principles of Finance 5e, 9 The Time Value of Money  © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11 Financial Calculator Solution FVn = PV(1+ r)n There are 4 variables. If 3 are known, the calculator will solve for the 4th. Principles of Finance 5e, 9 The Time Value of Money  © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole orShow MoreRelatedTime Value of Money1028 Words   |  5 Pagestoward understanding the relationship between the value of dollars today and that of dollars in the future is by looking at how funds invested will grow over time. This understanding will allow one to answer such questions as; how much should be invested today to produce a specified future sum of money? Time Value of Money In most cases, borrowing money is not free, unless it is a fiver for lunch from a friend. Interest is the cost of borrowing money. An interest rate is the cost stated as a percentRead MoreTime Value of Money1033 Words   |  5 PagesTime Value of Money (TVM), developed by Leonardo Fibonacci in 1202, is an important concept in financial management. It can be used to compare investment alternatives and to solve problems involving loans, mortgages, leases, savings, and annuities. TVM is based on the concept that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar in the future. That is mainly because money held today can be invested and earn interest. A key concept of TVM is that a single sum of money or a series of equal,Read MoreTime Value of Money967 Words   |  4 PagesTime Value of Money The time value of money relates to many activities and decision in the financial world. â€Å"Understanding the effective rate on a business loan, the mortgage payment in a real estate transaction, or the true return on an investment depends on understanding the time value of money† (Block, Hirt, 2005). The concept of time value of money helps determine how financial assets are valued and how investors establish the rates of return they demand. Many different types of companiesRead MoreTime Value of Money2180 Words   |  9 PagesFinance Ââ€" Time Value of Money We earn money to spend it and we save money to spend it in the future. However, for most people spending money in the present time is more desirable since the future is unknown. We can gratify the desire to spend money today rather than in the future by knowing the basic law in finance Ââ€" time value of money. This means that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar at some time in the future. Unfortunately, people very often want to buy things at the present time whichRead MoreTime Value of Money3904 Words   |  16 PagesTime Value of Money Problems 1. What will a deposit of $4,500 at 10% compounded semiannually be worth if left in the bank for six years? a. $8,020.22 b. $7,959.55 c. $8,081.55 d. $8,181.55 2. What will a deposit of $4,500 at 7% annual interest be worth if left in the bank for nine years? a. $8,273.25 b. $8,385.78 c. $8,279.23 d. $7,723.25 3. What will a deposit of $4,500 at 12% compounded monthly be worth at the end of 10 years? a. $14,351.80 b. $14,851.80 c. $13,997.40 d. $14Read MoreTime Value of Money2092 Words   |  9 PagesTime Value of Money The time value of money (TVM) or, discounted present value, is one of the basic concepts of finance and was developed by Leonardo Fibonacci in 1202. The time value of money (TVM) is based on the premise that one will prefer to receive a certain amount of money today than the same amount in the future, all else equal. As a result, when one deposits money in a bank account, one demands (and earns) interest. Money received today is more valuable than money received in the futureRead MoreTime Value of Money2124 Words   |  9 PagesTime Value of Money: Simple Interest versus Compound Interest Outline I. Applications of Time Value of Money 1.1 Example One 1.2 Example Two 2. Interest 2.1 What is Interest? 2.2 Three Variables of Interest 1. Principal 2. Interest Rate 3. Time 2.3 Why is Interest Charged? 3. Simple Interest 3.1 What is Simple Interest? 3.2 Simple Interest Formula 4. Compound Interest 4.1 What is Compound Interest? 4.2 Compound Interest Formula Read MoreTime Value of Money712 Words   |  3 Pageswill pay the bank over the life of the loan? $123,945.04 4. What is the effective rate of interest on a CD that has a nominal rate of 7.25 percent with interest compounded monthly? EAR = (1+.0725/12)^12 – 1 = 7.5% 5. What is the future value of $4,950 placed in a saving account for six years if the account pays 3%, compounded quarterly? PV = 4,950 N = 6 x 4 = 24 I =3/4 = .75% Pmt = - FV = $5,922.24 6. Your firm, Vandelay Industries, has just leased a $32,000 BMW for youRead MoreTime Value of Money and Present Value1154 Words   |  5 Pagescollege 15 years from today and the other will begin 17 years from today. You estimate your children’s college expenses to be $23,000 per year per child, payable at the beginning of each school year. The annual interest rate is 5.5 percent. How much money must you deposit in account each year to fund your children’s education? Your deposits begin one year from today. You will make your last deposit when your oldest child enters college. Assume four years of college Solution: Cost of 1 year atRead MoreTime Value of Money Essay708 Words   |  3 PagesTime Value of Money Project Show all your work! Name _________________ 1. If Mrs. Beach wanted to invest a lump sum of money today to have $100,000 when she retired at 65 (she is 40 years old today) how much of a deposit would she have to make if the interest rate on the C.D. was 5%? a. What would Mrs. Beach have to deposit if she were to use high quality corporate bonds an earned an average rate of return of 7%. b. What would Mrs. Beach have to deposit if she

Simple Lever Verb Conjugations in French

In order to say to lift or to raise in French, you will use the verb  lever. Now, if you want to say lifted or will lift, then a conjugation is necessary. This is not one of the easiest French verbs to change to the present, future, and past tense, but a quick lesson will get you started. Conjugations Verb conjugations  are required to change the ending so it matches the tense of the verbs action. We do the same in English by adding -ed  to form the past tense or -ing  to say that something is happening right now.   Its a bit more complicated in French, however. Rather than using the same ending no matter if were talking about me, you, we, or they doing something, the ending changes with every  subject pronoun  as well as each tense. Unfortunately, that means you have more words to memorize. Rest assured, it does get easier with the more conjugations you learn. Lever  is a  stem-changing verb  and it follows a pattern found in other verbs that end in -e_er. Essentially, in the present and future forms, the first  e  needs a grave accent and becomes  Ãƒ ¨. The only exception is the  vous  present tense. Using the chart, you can easily learn the proper conjugations for  lever. For instance, to say I am lifting, you would say  je là ¨ve. Likewise, we will lift is nous là ¨verons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je là ¨ve là ¨verai levais tu là ¨ve là ¨veras levais il là ¨ves là ¨vera levait nous là ¨ve là ¨verons levions vous levez là ¨verez leviez ils là ¨vent là ¨veront levaient The Present Participle Creating ​the  present participle of lever  is extremely simple. All you need to do is add -ant  to the verb stem of lev- and you get levant. Not only is this a verb, but it can also be used as an adjective, gerund, or noun in some circumstances. The Passà © Composà © and Past Participle Beside the imperfect, you can express the past tense in French using the  passà © composà ©. Its rather easy, you will just need to conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to match the subject, then  add the  past participle  levà ©. For example, I lifted is jai levà © and we lifted is nous avons levà ©. More Simple Conjugations to Learn Among the other simple conjugations of  lever  that you might need are the verb moods known as the subjunctive and conditional. The subjunctive says that the verbs action may not happen because it is uncertain. Similarly, the conditional is used when the action will only happen if something else also occurs. With less frequency, you may come across the passà © simple and the imperfect subjunctive. Each of these is a literary verb form and primarily found in formal French writing. While you may not need them, its good to be able to associate them with  lever. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je là ¨ve là ¨verais levai levasse tu là ¨ves là ¨verais levas levasses il là ¨ve là ¨verait leva levà ¢t nous levions là ¨verions levà ¢mes levassions vous leviez là ¨veriez levà ¢tes levassiez ils là ¨vent là ¨veraient levà ¨rent levassent When you want to express  lever  in short and direct sentences, use the imperative form. In this one, theres no need to include the subject pronoun: use là ¨ve rather than tu là ¨ve. Imperative (tu) là ¨ve (nous) levons (vous) levez

Invisible Man, Race And Racism - 1822 Words

In the novel Invisible Man, race and racism is a constant issue of equality and inequality. In the 1960s, a black man confronts racism against not only to white folks, but society’s from degradation, but the narrator s experiences in the battle royal and his role in perceived the Brotherhood organization. However, the novel goes more in-depth in a race that makes it hard to find an individual identity. Finding out that the outside context of racism is more imposed into others while the narrator if mostly shocked with the idea of showing off values and knowledge when it came to the college experience that the narrator desire. The overall perception of the narrator skin color and social status conflict with his idea of the true reality that†¦show more content†¦The confidence gave the narrator to stand in front of the white and black communities and dealing with all of the critics he had gotten, but knowing what the future holds for him is speechless and feeling untitle d about himself. As Booker T. Washington words explain that blacks should be more instinct with the white community because of being powerful within the community and traveling around the black community indifferences with values and respect. The narrator travels throughout the world and the shape of the historical complex of race and racism that overtly or unintentionally is racist to whites in a figure of speech. â€Å" His face was a black blank of a face, only his eyes alive--with hate of me and aglow with a feverish terror from what happened to us all† (Ellison pg.24). During the battle royal the narrator was quite nervous due to the all fighting during this event and being able to give a speech in the honor of graduating high school and moving forward to college to gain new experiences. The most important of the figures are the blacks because of their moderation to fight against racism in this era and has taught to be more strong and proud to be the race that is diffe rent and has many aspects towards culture. Racism is no fun and games during this time and now to the present day. It’s kind of sad that racism still goes on today and getting through the harsh time in our historical timeline as American citizens. Knowing our history is very important becauseShow MoreRelatedA Protest Against Racism In Ralph Ellisons The Invisible Man1099 Words   |  5 PagesA Protest Against Racism Merriam- Webster’s dictionary defines racism as, â€Å"prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that ones own race is superior† (Merriam-Webster). The story follows a young college age black man (Invisible) in his quest of personal identity. The story follows a young college-age black man (Invisible Man) in his quest of personal identity. The novel exposed the evils of racism that are difficult to eradicateRead MoreThe Role Of Identity In Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man1236 Words   |  5 Pagesadolescents face. In the novel, Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison, Ellison highlighted the struggles the main character, the â€Å"Invisible Man (IM)†, faced when it came to the division between how he distinguished himself and how the people in his life distinguished him. This caused a lack of self-established identity within the Invisible Man and throughout the course of the novel, various factors caused the Invisible Man to rethink his own identity. Ellison made a point about how racism went hand and hand withRead MoreEssay on Racism in Invisible Man838 Words   |  4 PagesRacism is perceived as a very negative aspect of society. When most people think of racism, they see hatred, evil, and ignorance. It has always been around since history has been recorded, and probably before that. There are many different forms of racism, but when one thinks of racism in America, they most certainly think of the struggles that the African-Americans have faced for hundreds of years. American literature has been noted for its sometimes controversial, but outspokenness of issues facedRead MoreRacism In Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man1573 Words   |  7 PagesRacism has been around for several centuries and it means, Prejudice, discrimination, antagonism, all directed towards someone of a different race, believing that one’s own race is superior over another† (CITATION). Racism goes far back into the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and continues today although it isnt near as bad as it was before the 1900s. Invisible Man, written by Ralph Ellison and published in 1952, uses objects that symbolize the narrator to aid in the explanations of the racialRead MoreEssay on Impact of Rasicm on Idenity in Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man1293 Words   |  6 PagesIn society, there are many misconceptions in terms of racism. According to the merriam-webster dictionary, racism is define the belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others . Many people would agree with that definition. What is racism? The normal person if asked will simply reply, not liking someone for the color of their skin. Racism from my attitude which is substantiated by historical events is a system of power .ThereforeRead MoreInvisible Man By Ralph Ellison1277 Words   |  6 PagesInvisible Man, by Ralph Ellison, is a s tory about a young African American man whose color renders him invisible. The theme of racism as a hurdle to individual identity is present throughout the story in a variety of examples. From the beginning of the novel the theme of identity is evident as the narrator states, â€Å"All my life I had been looking for something, and everywhere I turned someone tried to tell me what I was† (Ellison, p. 1254). In the midst of living in a racist American society the speakersRead MoreAnalysis Of Invisible Man By Ralph Ellison1665 Words   |  7 PagesRyan LaFleche 2-21-16 Dr. Valkeakari AMS 365 The Complexity of Identity in Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison Invisible Man (1952), written by Ralph Ellison, tells the story of a young, college- educated African American man struggling to survive and succeed in a society that is racially divided that refuses to consider him to be a human being. Taking place in the late 1920s and early 1930s, this novel describes the extraordinary journey of an unnamed African AmericanRead MoreIdenity Affected by Racism Essay1202 Words   |  5 Pages In society there is a lot of misconception of the term racism. According to the merriam-webster dictionary members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of others race which many people would agree with. What is racism? The normal person if asked will simply reply, not liking someone for their color of their skin. Racism from my attitude which is substantiated by historically events is a system of power .Thus is a system of power i.e. to control the world and its people. EmployedRead MoreRacism And Racism Essay986 Words   |  4 Pagessimilarities between sexism and racism. Sexism occurs when a person’s gender or sex is used as the basis for discriminating. Females are more susceptible to sexism although males are also susceptible. Sexual harassment and rape are examples of extreme cases of sexism. Racism occurs when people of a particular race or ethnicity are discriminated against or made to feel inferior. The primary outcome of the paper after comparison is t o determine most dehumanizing act between racism and sexism. The first similarityRead MoreThe Black Imagination By Bell Hooks961 Words   |  4 Pagescolonialism and racism actively coerce black folks to internalize negative perceptions of blackness, to be self-hating, and many of us succumb, blacks who imitate white (adopting their values, speech, habit of being, etc.) continue to regard whiteness with suspicion, fear and even hatred† (hooks, 49). Her article argues that although blacks affiliate themselves with the bad, they still lack the ability to accept white as the good. She also mentions the fact that when a white man visits a black town

The Development and Institutionalization of Slave Trade free essay sample

Slavery, the condition of one human being owned by another (Slavery), has gone through many stages in its development and its reception around the world. As part of the Roman Empire in the 1st century ACE, slaves were a large part of civilized society as entertainers in the gladiator arena. These slaves would have been forced to compete, but with their victories and their deaths they would gain respect and some even their freedom.In Africa before the 1 6th century, slavery and systems of servitude existed throughout the continent African slaves during this time were often captives of war or indentured servants; however they were not treated with disrespect. Instead it was common practice for such slaves to be fully integrated into the village or tribe to which their owners belonged. Slaves would live side by side with their owners and could eventually become each others peers.It wasnt until the colonization of the New World and the spread of tobacco cultivation (Fonder 101 began that the bond of slavery became less about the slave and more about cheap and lifelong labor. As Eric Fonder states in Give Me Liberty! , An American History, no European nation.. . Embarked on the colonization of the New World with the intention of lying on African Slaves for the bulk of its labor force (1 01 Unfortunately, as the New World began to develop and expand its agriculture base, namely tobacco, that the demand for workers increased.European settlers originally had no plan to meet the labor request. Their first resort was to force Indian labor (Morgan 52). This plan began to unravel quickly however, since the Indians were easily susceptible to foreign diseases and began to die off before profits could be made (Morgan 53). It became clear that the Indian population would not support the labor force needed, and so the Europeans began looking elsewhere. Having considered other options, Europeans set their sights on Africa (Morgan 53). The nations of West Africa had had long standing relationships with the different European nations. In the early years of what would become the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, Spain and Portugal were the first nations to export slaves from Africa in great numbers. Records show that from the years 1500 to 1 550 over 64, 000 slaves were exported by these two countries alone (Number of Captives). These same records conclude that until the 1 asss, Spain and Portugal were the only two countries with significant numbers in the slave trade.In 161 9, the first Africans, twenty in all, arrived in Virginia (Fonder 105), and with their arrival, the flood gates opened. It was at this time that other nations, namely Great Britain and the Netherlands, became more involved in the slave trade. The British and the Dutch began importing slaves to the New World to meet the needs Of the colonies. The British colonies of Virginia and Maryland, as well as the Dutch colony in New York, made up the Chesapeake area, with each having its own large tobacco industries that needed to be fueled by slave labor.By the turn of the century, the British and the Dutch had imported nearly 640,000 slaves o the colonies. With the importation of large number of slaves came more and more laws that tried to rationalize slavery as well to create a never ending supply of new slaves. Laws were passes regarding the birth of slave children as well as interracial children, with nearly all laws stating that if the mother was a slave that the child was a slave also, and became property of the slave owner. These laws consequently made sexual abuse of slave women profitable for slave holders (Fonder 106).In such a short time Virginia had changed from a society with slaves, in which slavery was one system of labor among others, to a slave society, here slavery stood at the center of the economic process (Fo nder 108). Across the Atlantic, as stated before, slavery was practiced throughout much of Africa among the various tribes and villages. However, with the increasing demand for slaves, coastal tribes would raid the inland tribes and capture their fellow Africans and sell them to the Europeans for small valuable trinkets.These newly Captures slaves couldnt possibly have known what their futures held for them in the New World, if they made it there. Within the borders of the New World slaves tried to escape whenever Seibel, but rarely succeeded in such a new and strange world. Slaves newly imported were subject to laws and customs that they didnt understand, and since many of them came from different villages few could communicate with each other (Marques). Slave rebellion was kept under control by the fierce and open violence aimed at those who stepped out of line.Fear for ones life suddenly became more important than freedom for many of the newly enslaved. As the years progressed the slave trade would see fluctuations in the number of slaves exported from Africa and imported to various countries as ell as into the co lonies, and then the United States of America. Political tensions, including the Revolutionary War, contributed to decline in slave importation but it wasnt until the 1 831 s that the slave trade essentially ended, at least for the United States.As History is bound to repeat itself, in recent times, there are numerous occasions were slavery has peaked and then declined. Fortunately these recent incidences, have never reached such catastrophic and saddening numbers as the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade had.

Alice Doesnt Essays - Gender, Freudian Psychology, Free Essays

Alice Doesnt Essays - Gender, Freudian Psychology, Free Essays Alice Doesnt 7 Lacanian psychoanalysis/Claude Levi-Strauss- both theories deny women that status of subjects and producers of culture. Like cinema, they posit woman as at once the object and the foundation of representation, at once telos and origin of mans desire and of his drive to represent it, at once object and sign of (his) culture and creativity, man as the sole term of reference Hence the position of woman in language and in cinema is one of non-coherence; she finds herself only in a void of meaning, the empty space between the signs- the place of women spectators in the cinema between the look of the camera and the image on the screen, a place not represented, not symbolized, and thus pre-empted to subject (or self) representation. 10 The overriding question is: in what ways does narrative work to engender the subject in the movement of its discourse, as it defines positions of meaning, identification and desire? Freuds story of femininity, Heaths account of narrative cinema as Oedipal drama, and Metzs notion of identification are points of departure for a more adequate and specific understanding of the subjective processes involved in female spectatorship: that is to say, the operations by which narrative and cinema solicit womens consent and by a surplus of pleasure hope to seduce women into femininity. [Summary of Chapter 5]

The Korean War Essays - Soviet UnionUnited States Relations

The Korean War Essays - Soviet UnionUnited States Relations The Korean War The Korean War was a war that at the time, many Americans thought was a worthwhile battle. Latter, people would come to believe that the war was not as important as they believed. The Soviet Union would fall and communism would not be a threat in worlds views. I share the belief that the battle was not as important as it was lead to believe. In the Korean War there were 50,000 Americans killed in attempts to stop the spread of communism. NSC 68 was Trumans policy for containing communism, which if he stuck to this policy we wouldnt have gone to war with North Korea, and China. I do not believe that it was worth the 50,000 lives of American forces. The only reason that we went to war with North Korea was that we got greedy, and couldnt stop at the 38th parallel. If Truman stopped and didnt try for rollback, there wouldnt have been a loss in American forces like there was. We had the North Koreans pushed back to the 38th parallel with ease, but we like the North Koreans, couldnt resist the temptation of an easy victory, resulting in total control of Korea. I believe that the main major reason that the American public supported the war was the fact that president McCarthy pushed the issue of anti-communism. At this time in American history the whole nation was fixated on communism and accusing others of being a communist. Today there is still a negative feeling towards communist, but it is not the same fear as it was back in the 70s. These are the reason why the American public supported the war. If this kind of propaganda were not there we wouldnt have supported the Korean War. For these reasons I do not believe that the 50,000 Americans that lost their lives fighting in the Korean was worth it. The main reason that I believe that the sacrifice of the fifty thousand American lives is because many of their lives could have been saved if we did not break NSC 68 by trying to go for rollback. Even though South Korea would eventually become a democracy and a very technologically advanced country, it could have happened that way if we never went to war. Bibliography none

Assess the importance of the African American population in US Essay

Assess the importance of the African American population in US politics - Essay Example xi). Historically, the African-Americans have been the largest identifiable minority group in the United States. The earliest writers of African-American ancient history were black men, who wanted to elaborate the achievements, and contributions of the people of African descent, in the United States.By the end of the nineteen century, the African-American historians were not trained in historical methods, instead they were educated than their predecessors (Hornsby, 2011). Nevertheless, the African American historians were better educated than the previous historians. Some of the notable African historians were like W.E.D Du Bois, whose writing was a breakthrough for the African American historian, Carter G. Woodson. During the nineteen century, many African-Americans got access to higher education and were able to travel. It was at this time that they were taken seriously because the wealthy elites in the United States believed in them. African-Americans shaped their own Africa, this process was during the nineteen century and the twentieth century, as the knowledge of African past increased (Painter, 2006). The African-Americans were denied the opportunity to education and personal advancements, until early 1950 and 1960`s. It was at this time that the National Urban League and the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People, began to fight for the rights of the black, and had an effect on the black civil rights (Cliff notes, 2012). The only way to see a clear picture on the role, purpose, and the potential power of the African-Americans in the American politics system was in a vital outline of the structure, and the system that influenced and shaped the democracy of America. Democracy was referred to as a system of government, where the people elected men and women to serve their interests in the political, economic, and socio-cultural interests (King, 2010). In the United States the rule of the people or by the people is exercised after every four years. In the American democracy, the participation of the African-Americans in the political system has been obstructed by several reasons. Firstly, the African-Americans have succumbed to persistence of institutional disadvantage, such as refusal of certain states to acknowledge their rights as stated in the United States constitution that were established through the Supreme Court ruling, and implemented by the executive and the legislature branches of Government (King, 2010). Secondly, the African American involvement and incorporation has been limited by manmade fear and intimidation tactics. This was well known as the period of the Black Code and Jim Crowism, and some of these intimidations methods were like hanging of nooses and cross burning, which were the well-known instruments to keep black people oppressed and in fear (King, 2010). There were historical legal and extra legal tactics used to intimidate the African-Americans political involvement, some people stated that the African-Americans operated under a facade of democracy in America. Facade â€Å"represents a superficial and symbolic presentation of equality which distributes markedly different democratic tenets such a liberty, freedom, and justice† (King, 2010, p.12). In American democracy, this is referred to as a facade because it not only limits particular groups, it also interferes with the main purpose of government, all which are established for justice, to insure domestic tranquility,

Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Exam - Assignment Example It is the reasoning that one uses when he tries to define certain things and the root values for that reasoning are based in Philosophy. Morality revolves around the personal belief of an individual that would be more concerned with good or bad in comparison to ethics in which the beliefs of the society as a whole are given importance. Values on the other hand can be explained as the belief of an individual that relates to his personal traits. These values can be derived from the cultural beliefs or the opinion of the person himself. Descriptive language revolves around the concept of judging as to what is wrong and what is right. On the other hand normative language is a way through which things are rather done in light of the judgments given. Ethics particularly focus on normative language as the individual is supposed to do the task based on the beliefs and not just accept the facts (Robin 1-9). Philosophers have used eudaimonia to explain a state in which the person accepts the c itizen virtues as instinctive behaviors. This state would mean that the person has reached his ultimate goal in life as explained by the Greeks. I believe that doing the right thing is the most important part in the discipline of ethics. A good life is not all about money but rather revolves around reasoning and functionality of a human being. It is necessary for individuals to be involved in reasoning and functionality as per the virtues to have a good life (Robinson 42-43; Sandel 20-40). 2. What are at least three elements or characteristics of the tradition of Socrates and Plato? What are at least three ways that these two philosophers are in disagreement with the Sophists: Parmenides, Thrasymachus, and Callicles. Do you think that the Socratic/Platonic emphasis on seeking the Good is the best approach? Or, do you think that the Sophists agenda makes sense in that they are training their students for

History revision Essay Example for Free

History revision Essay History- What historians chose to interpret from the surviving evidence of the past Source + Historians = Histories All historians have their own views and interests due to their upbringing hence that the process of selection and interpretation distorts our ‘knowledge’ further. Issues in historiography Training of historians Objectivity in history Oral societies and history Problems of historical research Universal history Evidence- selection Source- How? Truth- Consensuses Context/ Perspectives Selection- Who decides? Interpretation Revision Ideology- Reputation, perspective, emerging ideas, lack of evidence Language and technique- To place emphasis and how historians chose to say Methodology- How the way you put the sources? (cross-examine, verification) Facts in history History from ‘above or below’ Motive Judgement- Whose? Audience Linguistics History and Ideology- Political beliefs influence Explicit vs. Implicit Something clearly or implied Form of literature- poems, speech â€Å"What are historical facts? † – Carl Becker 1. History is subjective- personal desires and prejudices (history changes along with society’s values) 2. History is interpreted differently between people (interpreting what in the past is though) 3. History cannot be re-enacted as a series of events 4. History is written on how much the Historian can extract from the evidence and his knowledge- background, audience, purpose, motive. 5. History is pre-occupied with ‘cold’ and ‘hard’ facts and not small detail (the obvious history) Case Study: Herodotus The historian Born at Halicarnassus (485 BC – 425 BC) Exiled due to conspiring against Persians Merchant and traveller Greek Historian Cannot be free form bias (critical judgement) Educated (upper class) Harnessed ill feelings towards Persian Motive and Purpose for Writing â€Å"These are the researches of Herodotus of Halicarnassus, which he publishes, in the hope of thereby preserving from decay the remembrance of what men have done, and of preventing the great and wonderful actions of the Greeks and the foreigners from losing their due need of glory; and to put on record what were their grounds of feud† To commemorate To preserve the memory of the past by putting on record the astonishing achievements both of his and other people and more particularly. To show how they come into conflict To record the â€Å"glory† of Greeks To record stories even where truth is impossible (fantasises, legends) Inspired by Home and Hecateus Methodology and Technique Witness accounts Values Reports Sources Interests Viewpoints Evidence Books Entertainment Evidence Observations The Mind Enquiries Language and Style (words and phrases chosen, speeches, audience) Future Generations People’s viewpoint/ interpretation Memories Opinions Rumours Claims Honour Home and Hecateus Orally- entertaining Conflicting accounts Type of History Anthropology- study of mankind Ethnology Traditions, cultures and religious stories- oracles, wonders, marvels, dreams, myths, omens, sacrifices, prophecies, fables Societies- common practices Orators, politicians, demagogues, battles and warriors Polyphonic Constructed and recorded Books- customs, legends, history and tradition (The Histories) War between Persia and Greece Social and literary narrative Similar work style from predecessors (Homer and Hecateus: oral historians) Knowledge from his extensive travels Consulted witnesses and examined whenever possible and dreams, oracles and portents His opinion on plausible reports from implausible ones Intention of publishing hence being bias (perspective) Poetry (exaggeration) Impact of the historian on historiography Set a ‘standard’ no matter what (guidelines and rules) Creation of Western historical writing Include everything/ everybody Based on research Establishes historical writing as freely economic, political and diplomatic, social, sexual, religious, military or naval History as a field (social, cultural, gendered, religious, political, military An enquiry Storytelling and discipline Father of history and lies Establishes history as a mode of storytelling Post modernism Vocabulary Commemorative Divine intervention Greek pride Patriotic Remembrance Perspective of elite Greek society Broad Perspective Plethora Case Study- Thucydides The historian 460BC- 400 BC Elite, wealthy, male Early military career was cut short due to plague in Athens One of Athens’ ten generals Failing to save Amphipholis, he spends 20 years in exile. He returned at 404 BC. He has the opportunity to travel to both sides during the Peloponnesian War Age of the sophists- uses debates and rhetoric to argue issues Sceptical and rational Motive and Purpose for Writing â€Å"My work is not a piece of writing designed to meet the taste of an immediate public, but was done to last for ever† â€Å"I have written my work, not as an essay which is to win the applause of the moment, but as a possession for all time† Wrote the history of the war between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians â€Å"that it would be a great war and more worthy of relation than any that had preceded it† Does not glorify war To record Methodology and Technique High value on eyewitness testimonies Episodes of himself taking part Consulted written documents Interviews of participants Does not recognise divine interventions Modern historical objectivity Chronology- summers and winters Debates that he records From memory Sharp analysis of causes and effects Language and Style (words and phrases chosen, speeches, audience) To last through the ages Prose literature Speeches- adds realism Cross-examination Validity of their ideas on logic and rational thinking Debates Morals Type of History Political and military history Detailed writing of military, naval battles, preparation for battles, encouraging speeches by generals, effects and consequences of war Peloponnesians War Events (no arts, literature or society) War of Greeks- disputes, colonies, war, envoys Fast moving, precise, directed, decisive, carefully structured and highly analytic Strict chronological method Monologic Constructed and recorded Sophist’s speeches (used debates and arguments and counter argument, view and counter view, opinion and counter opinion) Objective Book- History of the Peloponnesian War Headlined and narrow events- military and political and diplomatic Impact of the historian on historiography Invention of a chronological way Developed an understanding of human nature explaining behaviours in such crises (plagues, massacres and civil war) instead on divine intervention History is based on logic and rational reasons and thinking Increased of accuracy and reliability of sources Sharp analysis of causes and effect Father of â€Å"scientific history†- strict standard of evidence gathering and analysing of evidence History was to learn from the past therefore making better decisions in the future Didactic- to teach Vocabulary Rhetoric of uncertainty with phrases like Devoted in evoking in detail Focus on a great historical period, a period of war Analytical No criticisms Refers to an interpretation Innovative Critical World history Case Study- Horrible Histories, Teary Deary Aim/ purpose: Entertainment, monetary, children’s interest in history Motive: Make a statement (anti-authority context) as school interest in history is declining Methodology: Consults historians (record, writing, collecting) Have professional actors Scripts (Performance) Series on Television (BBC) Language/ style: Colourful bright colours In a humorous way â€Å"Stories about people, in dramatic situations, with jokes† Gags Imagination Impact: Refocus the presentation of history to young children From being dry and dull to with humour History is now acceptable to be shown on TV for children Information of history has changed dramatically Case Study- Bede

The Separation of Church and State in America Should NOT Be Absolute E

Religion is the most influential factor in human society. It is the core of our existence and has become a way of life in all cultures. The impact religion has had on the United States is overwhelming. This country was founded on the principle of Christianity. Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence, and James Madison articulated our countries' constitution with the belief that the Christian faith would establish and govern this great society. Merriam-Webster's online dictionary defines religion as, " any specific system of belief, worship, conduct, etc., often involving a code of ethics and a philosophy." (merriam-webster.com) This definition incorporates all individuals. All American citizens, acknowledging or not, are included in a belief system. Even atheism; belief if no God, is a form of religion. During the past thirty years or so, our country has seen a decline in the role of religion. With people casting shadows over their religion and putting their faith in separation of church and state, we have seen our country developing moral relativity. This moral relativity is dangerous ground. Most people are ignorant of their religion, not being able to give reasons for their belief. This religious illiteracy in America today has tragically developed the notion that separation of church and state should be absolute; thus creating a moral relativity which has had devastating impacts on our country. Religious literacy is something American citizens should explore and value. This literacy is the understanding of the beliefs of people; being able to justify one's religion through external evidences. Most Americans cannot do this. The major religion of the United States today is Christianity. Over 90% of the p... ...try of good citizens, we need to get away from this notion of relative morality, and turn towards the belief that this country was developed upon, that is to say the absolute right and wrongs Christianity has to offer. Only then can sustain our society, a moral society. Works Cited Ken Ham (1). "Crumbling Foundations" https://answersingenesis.org/why-does-creation-matter/crumbling-foundations/ Ken Ham (2).https://books.google.com/books?id=MxrCs0vNWkUC&pg=PA94&lpg=PA94&dq=What+we+are+seeing+in+our+society+is+an+outward+expression,+in+more+and+more+of+its+ferocity&source=bl&ots=TKjL9zwFLw&sig=cyMKbGBed4NBcpCD3Z0sbDVKY9c&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAGoVChMI0bDtw5HlxwIVTNgeCh0T0AiP#v=onepage&q=What%20we%20are%20seeing%20in%20our%20society%20is%20an%20outward%20expression%2C%20in%20more%20and%20more%20of%20its%20ferocity&f=false http://www.merriam-webster.com/

Business plan Essay

Introduction Selective marketing strategy Most of the small business or businesses seeking to enter into new venture like creative technology seeking to enter the American headphone market will employ select marketing with the main objective being to get higher returns on their marketing investments. To achieve this objective, creative technology should strive hard in knowing their customers in the basis of their origination, who they are and where do their products do well (Homburg, etaal, 2009). Once they have that in mind, then they will try to maximize the best performing market segment, to realize these high returns on investment (ROI). The other vital objective of creative technology is to eliminate the guess works and the wastes involved in new venture and replace them with specific targeted efforts. This will ensure that they reduce on the operating cost and maximize their returns on investment. Also, owing to the luxury nature of the product that Creative Technology is to introduce in the United States market, they should gravitate towards these selective marketing as their product target a very limited population segment. Creative Technology employs this type of marketing to achieve their objectives as this product which they want to engage in is not for everyone and so they want to ensure that the message meets the right consumers and so reflecting in increased sales. Mostly, Creative Technology might include a glossy ad in the magazine and televisions. This is so because most of the population would be uninterested with luxury goods adverts. Moreover, Creative technology should employ tactics to differentiate the product from other brands in their category of products. This entails at classifying a brand as being more superior to other competing brands. This will involve stressing the quality of brand and design on their historical relevance and the longevity of the brand. In this approach, they will strive to paint the other competing products as unreliable, generic as and of a lesser quality than their own headphones (Homburg, etaal, 2009). This will ensure that Creative Technology meets its objectives of high returns on investments. This is so because it will reduce the extra cash and time spent on advertising messages directed towards consumers who may otherwise not be interested in the product. Also in addition to making this product stand out, specialized focus on specific market areas can help in building product’s reputation and ensure that this product has a long term fostered loyalty. Target Market    Creative technology will then employ the tactics of target market selection in order to engage in the market which they are sure that their product will sell. There are two important factors which they should consider in doing this. These include; the attractiveness of the market segment and also how the segment will fit their objectives and resource capabilities (Shaw, E. 2012).. When they are selecting the target market, they should consider the following aspects. The size of the segment; this basically entails to the number of their customers that are in that population. When they ascertain that the segment has a considerable number of people then they can choose to invest in it and the vise versa. The other aspect which they should also consider is the growth rate of the segment. This will help them to determine their future prospect in the market. Also, they should be at a position of determining the level of competition in the population that they want to invest in. this will enable them decide their product in a manner that they will be more appealing than that of their competitors. In doing so, they will also know the loyalty of the customers in the competing brands and hence know the strategy of invading this market segment. In addition they will be at a position of determining the attainable markets share if they got the knowledge of the competitor’s expenditure in promoting their brands. Given the size of the population, they should also ascertain the required market share so as to break even and the profits they expect from the sales in the said segment (Aaker and David, 2008). To obtain this information, market research and analysis is vital for Creative Technology. For instance, buyer intentions, test marketing, sales estimation and analysis in demand is very useful in determination of sales potential. The micro and macro environmental variables on the segment should also be put into consideration (Shaw, E., 2012). It is very important for the Creative Technology to note that larger segments are not advisable for targeting as they will already have more competition. It could be more profitable to invest in two or more small segments with little or no competition. However, if the firm is sure of developing a competitive advantage like patent protection, they can engage in larger market segments. Target Market Strategies There are different marketing strategies that should be employed by Creative technology in their endeavors of choosing a market strategy. These strategies include; Single segment strategy: this strategy is also referred to as concentrated market strategy.Here one market segment is served as opposed to the entire market. It is a strategy which should be employed by smaller firms with little resources. Selective specialization: it is a multiple- segment strategy and is also referred to as differentiated strategy. Different market segment are served with different marketing strategies. Only the promotional message varies with the product not being the same in these markets. Product specialization: In this strategy, the company specializes in particular products that tailored to different market segments Market specialization: here the company will specialize in a single market and serve it with varied products. Creative Technology cannot employ market specialization as it is planning to employ only one product, the headphones. Full market coverage:   Here the organization tries to cover the whole market. It is mostly achieved either through mass marketing where a single undifferentiated market mix is employed to the entire market or by a differentiated strategy in whicha different mix is offered to every segment. Individual marketing strategy: this is a strategy which has been employed recently owing to the technology where market mix is tailored in accordance to the individual consumer (Brian Solis,2011). For the Creative Technology to remain competitive in the market and realize high returns, it should always target a market that matches its capabilities. Once it has gained momentum, then it can expand by embarking on specialization strategy, tailor the product for different markets. Positioning strategy After selecting the target market, the firm will now embark on deciding on how it will position itself in the chosen market segment. Positioning refers to how the firm wants their customers to view their product. It is about effective conveyance of messages to the target market about the firm’s product or service. Position strategy development The first step is to do a market research. The main aim of this is to feel the features of your product that the consumer wants to feel their presence in the target market of your choice. You research the general features and not the features offered by a particular brand for example headphone features by Creative Technology Company. Once you have identified the features which are preferred by your potential customers and their ranking according to your target customers, the then compile a list of product in that target market offering these features. Then draw a map showing not only the features of the product but also the competitors that offer those products with the same features. It is also advisable to place your product in this map too, for comparison purposes. After this you will have a clear picture on where competitors products are positioned in your map in the chosen target market, you can the make an informed decision on where you would like your product to appear on the map. Position strategy development mostly depends on how the firm will position itself. The firm can take a ‘me too’ strategy and position themselves adjacent to the competitor and allow the customers to directly compare the product features or they can choose a strategy positioning themselves away from their competitors. One way of doing this is by offering a feature absent from the competitors’ products that their market research revealed that the consumers in that market rank as vital. Market mix This refers on how the firm, Creative Technology will distribute their headphones to their consumers. They should plan this strategy so as to distribute their products (headphones) to their consumers at the right time and place. Efficient distribution is imperative if the firm is to meet their objectives. If for any reason they underestimate or overestimate the demand, the firm’s profitability will be negatively affected (Borden, Neil,2013). Choosing the Distribution channel There are two available channels of distribution which include direct and indirect distribution channels. Indirect pertains to the distribution where one uses the intermediaries in distribution. For instance, they can sell to the wholesaler who sell to the retailer and then to the end user. Conversely, direct distribution is where the company will be distributing directly to the end users at the right time and place required. It is mostly preferred as it gives the manufacturers direct control over their products. Choosing a distribution strategy Different products are distributed differently and there are three different distribution strategies which can be employed. There is; intensive distribution strategy which is employed in distributing low priced products, exclusive distribution which involves limiting distribution to a single outlet. This strategy is mostly employed in the highly priced product like vehicles and also may require an intermediary (Borden, Neil,2013).. Selective distribution; here a small number of outlet, especially retailers, are chosen for product distribution. If Creative Technology adopts a selective or exclusive strategy, they should choose an intermediary who is well versed with handling these or similar product and is well know by the target consumers.       Planning assumptions Projected cost and sales Financial tracking is a very vital part of any given business plan. In this financial tracking, one should be careful to note that the programme cost not only refers to the cost of the project but also the cost involved in administering this programme itself. Any project, for instance the Creative Technology’s project of venturing into the US market should contain the expected cost and the return or the sales expected from the same. In addition it should show clearly where the project’s resources will be obtained to make sure that it will not fail on the way. The projected sales and cost is the culmination of all the previous section of the business plan as each section will always impact on the cost and sales hence affecting the whole project finance. For it to create accountability, it should show clearly the firm organization structure so that it may indicate who is responsible for what, who will be making decisions regarding productions, legal compliance and financial management. Sensitivity analysis This is a tool which can be used by firms to examine their effects on the net income whe sales levels increase or decrease. These changes against which the sensitivity analysis is done are the unexpected event or the contingencies I outlined in the contingency planning. This analysis will usually centre its process on the ‘what if question’. Mostly these questions are as the following; what would be the firm’s income if it has a sales forecast of 12%, 16% or 34% higher? Also what can be my firm’s net income is the firms forecast a 12%, 16% or 34% lower than the expected (Helton etaal, 2009). Contingency plan Contingencies are events which are not expected or not expected in the firm business plan. So the company must develop a contingency mitigating strategies or plans in order to be prepared for these unexpected outcomes. This is because these events do not arise from time to time and so they must be ready with these plans in case they occur. These plans entail preparing for crises and for unwelcome outcomes in case they occur (British Standards Institution, 2012). This will ensure that the firm will easily recover these unexpected events. It will also ensure that these impacts are minimized. When drawing a contingency plan, the first step is recognizing its need, and then indentifying all the possible scenarios. After this they must know what the consequences of these crises will be. Then assess the degree which might be caused by these eventualities. After they have done all this then the final step is to choose a risk strategy to employ so that they can mitigate these crisis and lastly do a crisis simulation which is testing their plan. (British Standards Institution, 2012) The firm management should also consider the ‘what if’ question where they prepare scenarios which could arise in the business operations. Some of these questions could include: what if the competitors produce a very powerful product with much favorable features in the eyes of the consumers of the target market? What if the firm does not meet its expectations? What if their competitors employ advanced advertisement strategies than the firm? Etc References Baker, Michael The Strategic Marketing Plan Audit 2008. p. Homburg, Christian; Sabine Kuester, Harley Krohmer (2009): Marketing Management – A Contemporary Perspective (1st ed.), London. Marketing basics Marketing strategy based on market needs, targets and goals. Aaker, David (2008) Strategic Market Management Baker, Michael The Strategic Marketing Plan Audit 2008 p. 27 Shaw, E. (2012). â€Å"Marketing strategy: From the origin of the concept to the development of a conceptual framework.† Journal of Historical Research in Marketing, 4(1), 30–55. Pinson, Linda. (2004). Anatomy of a Business Plan: A Step-by-Step Guide to Building Business and Securing Your Company’s Future (6th Edition). Page 20. Dearborn Trade: Chicago, USA. A. Simon, Rational decision making in business organisations, ‘American Economic Review’ Borden, Neil. (2013)â€Å"The Concept of the Marketing Mix†. Brian Solis(2011) Engage!: The Complete Guide for Brands and Businesses to Build, Cultivate, and Measure Success in the New Web, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp.201-202. Koichi Shimizu (2003)†Symbiotic Marketing Strategy,†4th edition, Souseisha Book Company. Intrieri, Charles (10 September 2013).  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Business Contingency Planning†. Flevy. Retrieved 29 September 2013. British Standards Institution (2012). Societal security – Business contigency management Systems – Requirements: London Saltelli, A., Ratto, M., Andres, T., Campolongo, F., Cariboni, J., Gatelli, D. Saisana, M., and Tarantola, S., 2008,  Global Sensitivity Analysis. The Primer, John Wiley & Sons. Campolongo, F., J. Cariboni, and A. Saltelli (2008). An effective screening design for sensitivity analysis of large models.  Environmental Modelling and Software,  22, 1509–1518. Fassà ², Alessandro ()  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sensitivity Analysis for Environmental Models and Monitoring Networks†. Preprint J.C. Helton, J.D. Johnson, C.J. Salaberry, and C.B. Storlie, 2009, Survey of sampling based methods for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis.  Reliability Engineering and System Safety

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 1773 Words

Knowing about Mark Twain’s work, personal life and family it is clear he is a champion of racial equality. During the most racial times of America he wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn a book setting in a 1830s southern American society. Twains delivers the story with all the traditions and customs of an American society. Twain tries to show the wrongness in society, focusing racism and equality. By doing this Mark Twain and his work was both alleged to be racist. The irony is most of the reading public was unable to realize the irony that was used in the novel to attack racism. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is a novel about a child’s hope in achieving freedom. It is a story of life and friendship, racism, quality†¦show more content†¦Like Huck Mark Twain viewed firsthand the use of slaves as a child. Growing up in a slave state his Father was a judge that traded slaves and convicted abolitionist. His uncle John Quarles owned slaves and having to live with him after his father’s death he seen firsthand how bad the treatment of slaves were. He witnessed a slave being brutally murdered. These experiences has created negative views for the culture causing him to reject it. Marrying a women who came from a family of abolitionist, naming a there son after one, and because of her meeting a lifelong friend Fredrick Douglass. He has been on record sharing quotes to the world displaying his views. From as early as the release date of the book in An 1853 Letter, Mark Twain Wrote: I Reckon I Had Better Black My Face, For In The se Eastern States, N***S Are Considerably Better Than White People. (Smiley)To as late as his release of his autobiography writing The class lines were quite clearly drawn and the familiar social life of each class was restricted to that class. He displays he is not racist and firmly believes in social equality. (Trilling) Literature containing African American main characters started being produced in the late 18th century. Before the civil war literature concentrated on stories or people who had escaped from slavery or literature of the free